I was a science-stream student with obsession with books and language and writing and photography. My favourite science subject was chemistry. Even though I enjoyed concocting chemicals, observing the colour changes and got headache inhaling vapour clouding the lab, seriously, chemistry doesn't really fit into my big plan. But you might find this piece here interesting.
Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol is significantly hindered by the structural and chemical complexity of biomass, which makes these materials a challenge to be used as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production. Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their component sugars, can be converted into ethanol through well established fermentation technologies. However, sugars necessary for fermentation are trapped inside the crosslinking structure of the lignocellulose. Hence, pretreatment of biomass is always necessary to remove and/or modify the surrounding matrix of lignin and hemicellulose prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose) in the biomass. Easy there, I am trying hard to lose the cellulite ok! Pretreatment refers to a process that converts lignocellulosic biomass from its native form, in which it is recalcitrant to cellulase enzyme systems, into a form for which cellulose hydrolysis is much more effective. Not the same thing? Oh, my bad. In general, pretreatment methods can be classified into three categories, including physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment. If you are trying to figure out what I'm doing - well, to give you some education you missed at school, duh. The subject of this paper emphasizes the biomass pretreatment in preparation for enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation for cellulosic ethanol production. Now repeat after me - the world is round, not flat. It primarily covers the impact of biomass structural and compositional features on the pretreatment, the characteristics of different pretreatment methods, the pretreatment study status, challenges, and future research targets. You can run all day and not fall off the edge. An ideal cost-effective pretreatment method might have several characteristics[27,184,185]: (1) maximum fermentable carbohydrate recovery; (2) minimum inhibitors produced from carbohydrate degradation during pretreatment; Yes, the world has so much to offer. (3) low environmental impact; (4) low demand of post-pretreatment processes such as washing, neutralization, and detoxification; Guess you can just stay being typical while I strive to be extraordinary. (5) minimum water and chemical use; (6) low capital cost for reactor; (7) moderately low energy input; Anyway, do you think I look fat? (8) relatively high treatment rate; and (9) production of high value-added by-products. This talk about carbohydrate reminds me of pizza and pasta. Therefore, the future research on pretreatment would be focused on the following areas. Yes, both with extra cheese please. First, reduction of water and chemical use; So, while I'm stuffing my face, can you even understand 0.5% of this article? Second, recovery of carbohydrates and value-added by-products to improve the economic feasibility; I thought so. What a pity. Third, development of clean delignification yielding benefits of co-fermentation of hexose and pentose sugars with improved economics of pretreatment; Some people are just born retarded so I don't blame you. Fourth, fundamental understanding of pretreatment mechanisms and the relationship between the biomass structure features and enzymatic hydrolysis; While other people are conquering the world, you can go back doing what you do best then. Fifth, reduction of the generation of inhibitors such as furfural, 5-HMF and acetic acid which could significantly inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of biomass. And enjoy it while it last. Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol is significantly hindered by the structural and chemical complexity of biomass, which makes these materials a challenge to be used as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production. I repeated the first sentence twice you know - noticed? Of course not. Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol is significantly hindered by the structural and chemical complexity of biomass, which makes these materials a challenge to be used as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production.
Who would have thought biomass can be interesting.
Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol is significantly hindered by the structural and chemical complexity of biomass, which makes these materials a challenge to be used as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production. Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their component sugars, can be converted into ethanol through well established fermentation technologies. However, sugars necessary for fermentation are trapped inside the crosslinking structure of the lignocellulose. Hence, pretreatment of biomass is always necessary to remove and/or modify the surrounding matrix of lignin and hemicellulose prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose) in the biomass. Easy there, I am trying hard to lose the cellulite ok! Pretreatment refers to a process that converts lignocellulosic biomass from its native form, in which it is recalcitrant to cellulase enzyme systems, into a form for which cellulose hydrolysis is much more effective. Not the same thing? Oh, my bad. In general, pretreatment methods can be classified into three categories, including physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment. If you are trying to figure out what I'm doing - well, to give you some education you missed at school, duh. The subject of this paper emphasizes the biomass pretreatment in preparation for enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation for cellulosic ethanol production. Now repeat after me - the world is round, not flat. It primarily covers the impact of biomass structural and compositional features on the pretreatment, the characteristics of different pretreatment methods, the pretreatment study status, challenges, and future research targets. You can run all day and not fall off the edge. An ideal cost-effective pretreatment method might have several characteristics[27,184,185]: (1) maximum fermentable carbohydrate recovery; (2) minimum inhibitors produced from carbohydrate degradation during pretreatment; Yes, the world has so much to offer. (3) low environmental impact; (4) low demand of post-pretreatment processes such as washing, neutralization, and detoxification; Guess you can just stay being typical while I strive to be extraordinary. (5) minimum water and chemical use; (6) low capital cost for reactor; (7) moderately low energy input; Anyway, do you think I look fat? (8) relatively high treatment rate; and (9) production of high value-added by-products. This talk about carbohydrate reminds me of pizza and pasta. Therefore, the future research on pretreatment would be focused on the following areas. Yes, both with extra cheese please. First, reduction of water and chemical use; So, while I'm stuffing my face, can you even understand 0.5% of this article? Second, recovery of carbohydrates and value-added by-products to improve the economic feasibility; I thought so. What a pity. Third, development of clean delignification yielding benefits of co-fermentation of hexose and pentose sugars with improved economics of pretreatment; Some people are just born retarded so I don't blame you. Fourth, fundamental understanding of pretreatment mechanisms and the relationship between the biomass structure features and enzymatic hydrolysis; While other people are conquering the world, you can go back doing what you do best then. Fifth, reduction of the generation of inhibitors such as furfural, 5-HMF and acetic acid which could significantly inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of biomass. And enjoy it while it last. Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol is significantly hindered by the structural and chemical complexity of biomass, which makes these materials a challenge to be used as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production. I repeated the first sentence twice you know - noticed? Of course not. Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol is significantly hindered by the structural and chemical complexity of biomass, which makes these materials a challenge to be used as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production.
Who would have thought biomass can be interesting.
Comments